ABSTRACT
Epilepsy originates from brain function disorders that might appear in the forms of overt disorders or fainting [losing consciousness], abnormal motional activities, behavioral abnormalities and sensational impairment and/or disorders in autonomic performance; all these symptoms are observable in early sleeping stages. Epilepsy is one of the most common neural disorders in human beings and with regard to the conducted studies, the Melissa officinalis plant has been used to treat epilepsy disease. Therefore, in this empirical work the effect of pretreatment with hydro-alcoholic extract of this plant compared to Phenytoin in the prevention of the epileptic convulsions caused by Pentylenetetrazole was studied. In this research the following groups receive the following drug doses intraperitoneal: four groups received different concentrations of extract [25, 50, 100, 200 mg/kg body weight], the positive control group was tested by Phenytoin [5 mg/ kg] and the negative control group was tested by normal saline. Data were analyzed by kruskal - Wallis test and Tukey test. Injection of 50 and 100mg of the extract per kilogram of the body weight during the30 minutes interval before the systemic injection of Pentylenetetrazole, resulted in delay in the average onset time of the clonic convulsion Seizures with respect to the control group [P = 0.001] and also delay in the average onset time of the tonic - clonic Seizures with respect to the control group [P = 0.02] and besides the rates of mortality in that group of animals which were pretreated with 50 and 100 mg concentrations of the extract per kg of body weight indicated a significant difference with respect to the control group [P = 0.004] . Mortality rate was 100% in the negative control group, 37.5% in the50 mg/kg weight group and 12.5% in the 100 mg/kg weight group and 12.5% in the group treated by Phenytoin. This study indicated that the hydro-alcoholic extract of the Melissa officinalis plant can cause helpful effects on Seizures induced by Pentylenetetrazole in rats. Therefore, further studies are needed to understand the extent and mechanism of these effects
Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Phenytoin/pharmacology , Plant Extracts , Melissa , RatsABSTRACT
Fasting and calorie restriction have some Cardioprotective effects. In view of the effect of fasting on peripheral benzodiazepine receptors and widespread administration of benzodiazepines in medicine, the present study was designed to evaluate whether fasting may affect myocardial vulnerability to cardiac ischemia-reperfusion [I/R] following repeated diazepam administration. Rats were divided into six groups of 8 or 10 animals. Groups I and II were controls which received intra peritoneal injection of normal saline solution for 5 days. Also, Control II underwent fasting on 5th day of experiment. Four test groups received intra peritoneal injection of diazepam for 5 days [groups I and II Img/kg; groups III and IV 5 mg/kg]. Also, test groups II and IV fasted on 5th day of experiment. The Langendorff isolated hearts were subjected to 25 minutes ischemia and 25 minutes reperfusion. Cardiac parameters including - left ventricular developed pressure and rate pressure product were determined. Infarct size was measured by Triphenyltetrazolium staining. Recovery of the left ventricular developed pressure in diazepam groups were significantly lower than control I and II [P=0.049 and P=0.046 respectively]. But there was no significant difference among the controls and test group II, which fasted following diazepam administration. This showed the preservation of the cardiac performance in the fasting animals following administration of diazepam [1 mg/kg]. The results obtained showed the exacerbation of ischemia reperfusion injury in the presence of diazepam and demonstrated the protective effect of fasting which is probably due to modulation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore
ABSTRACT
Environmental pollution of subsurface due to the long time required to detect the onset of infection and spent considerable time and costs, has a special sensitivity. The aim of this research was, investigating the exact type and behavior of pollutants, assesses environmental attributes and measurement of some important factors of oil contamination in soils around the refinery and how the range of its transport in porous media. With this aim, after the initial investigation of the site, Wells digging was done up to hardpans and then, sampling was done and Measurements related to the total petroleum hydrocarbon and total oil and Grease were performed. Then Characteristics of the main source causing pollution, with tests to determine the total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, the initial input amount of oil, chemical and biochemical oxygen required was done. Soil pollution mappings and its distribution mappings were done by Surfer and ArcGIS and MATLAB software. The results showed that due to the lack of underground water in the area and the hardpans existence near to soil surface that these traits are strange, Particular and special. Pollution spread has happened through gas conditions spread from the limited reign above the hardpan. In this study, considering becoming obvious there pollution, sources causing of it, the leakage of burning pits [main factor] and lack of full observance of safety and prevention during the operation, leakage from storage basins, leaking and broken pipes and sewage collection channels were determined. The results of causing pollution and resource characteristics that determine the parameters, in addition to determine the potential contamination, are beneficial and efficient guide for making decisions about the refinery wastewater management, strategy planning stage of the refinery and cleaning the surrounding area and determine the best cleaning system